Building Automation > Smoke detection
Fire alarm system,is a set of electronic devices designed to detect the presence of a fire inside a building, to report the alarm to all present and to report the alarm to the porter and external helpers. The fire alarm systems are installed and put into service in factories, buildings, warehouses and shopping malls, hotel complexes, hospitals and health clinics, public agencies, etc. ...
The fire alarm controls the total of the plant and is usually placed where staff surveillance is. It is connected, via appropriate power lines, with all devices of the system: fire detection devices, manual alarm buttons, fire sirens, panel lights, signaling devices to helpers outside, etc. ...
The controller is responsible for managing the signals from the sensors providing the activation of signaling devices according to the plans of action planned.
There are different types of power that are differentiated by quantity of sensors connected, type of control and identification sensors. The power of small-scale normally allow the connection of up to a maximum of 100-150 sensors. The power plants are also equipped with a dual source of power for the operation even in the absence of primary power supply. The secondary power supply batteries usually carried out with buffer.
Devices for the automatic detection of smoke and fire are the different elements of the plant, placed in several rooms, Structured Wiring and through which can detect the presence of a fire. In the vast majority of them are electronic devices and have in common the ability to communicate, although with different modes, with the fire alarm control unit. The detectors and automatic sensors should be in accordance with European standards EN54, which establish the technical and physical rules. The detectors should be installed to summit spaces to be protected, in most high because both the smoke that the temperatures produced by a fire moving upwards. They have electronic circuits that can limit the occurrence of false alarms. There are several types of sensors distributed on the basis of the phenomenon that they can detect. All the many types of smoke detectors and fire are described and classified in heading fire detection systems to which they refer to a detailed technical description.
These are "alarm switches", to let everyone activate an alarm when necessary. They are usually placed near building exits, stairs, corridors.
The manual call point should be able to be reached, to send the alarm, with a maximum of 30 meters (DM 10-03-1998 General fire safety and for emergency management in the workplace. Annex IV), placed , according to UNI 9795 Third Edition April 2005 Section 6, at a height of between 1m and 1.4M, and in any case must be installed at least two buttons for each compartment.
The fire sirens are audible warning device, connected to the alarm unit, which in the case of the principle of fire emits sound signals at high volume in order to warn all persons present in the presence of a possible emergency. They are usually applied along the walls and along the corridors of the building and are distributed in various areas to ensure a uniform audibility signal in all areas of the building.
The panels are bright red flashing light signaling devices connected to the alarm unit, which in the case of the principle of fire emit a red light intermittently, with the red fire alarm to alert all those present of a possible emergency in progress. They are used along with sirens along the walls and along the corridors of the building, so that the alarm signal can also be perceived by people with reduced hearing.
The signaling devices are external to the rescue equipment designed to automatically connect to the alarm unit with the firm of external supervision, responsible for supervising full 24 hours and anti-fire throughout the building.
These devices are necessary because they would have a check on possible principles of fire that may occur in the evening or at night or on holidays, when no staff working in the building and staff supervision by the porter.
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